Oregon Coastal Atlas ontology focused on Coastal Erosion Hazard related topics for now. Edited down to display terms for existing or potential data. Integrates top ontology developed by USGS. Replaces: http://www.coastalatlas.net/ont/20080618/coastalatlas Transportation Transportation infrastructure includes transport networks (roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals, pipelines, etc.) that are used to move people and goods, as well as the nodes or terminals with those networks (such as airports, railway stations, bus stations and seaports). Safe locations designated by local or regional authorities as places where evacuees may receive temporary food, shelter, and other emergency services. Emergency Shelters Average Maximum Temperature Average Maximum Temperature Eelgrass Eelgrass is a common name for Zostera - a small genus of widely distributed seagrasses. Zostera is found on sandy substrates or in estuaries submerged or partially floating. Most Zostera are perennial. They have long, bright green, ribbon-like leaves, about 1 cm wide. Issues Topics or problems typically address in coastal land use planning. A navigation channel is a pathway of deep water (either natural or maintained by dredging) marked by buoys and followed by ships for safety and Data Cables Data utilities consist of optical fiber cables (and the nodes between them) used by telecommunications companies to transmit telephone signals, Internet communication, and cable television signals. Coast Guard Station Location out of which the US Coast gaurd operates. Mission of the US Coast Guard is to protect the public, the environment, and the United States economic and security interests in any maritime region in which those interests may be at risk, including international waters and America's coasts, ports, and inland waterways. A hospital is an institution for health care, often but not always providing for longer-term patient stays. Hospitals Loss of Public Access Loss of location for public access to coastal waters: In Oregon, local comprehensive plans must provide for appropriate public access to and recreational use of coastal waters. Soil is the naturally occurring, unconsolidated or loose covering of broken rock particles and decaying organic matter on the surface of the Earth, capable of supporting life. Soil Protection of a structure from geologic hazard such as erosion, landslide or flooding. Structure Protection Rocky Intertidal Rocky shoreline areas that fall between the lowest and highest tidelines. haracterized by high wave action, constant submersion and exposure, changing temperature and salinity, and the occurrence of tidepools. Wind is the flow of atmospheric air over the earth's surface. When a difference in pressure exists between two adjacent air masses, the air tends to flow from the region of high pressure to the region of low pressure. Winds A cadastre is a comprehensive register of the real property of a country, and commonly includes details of the ownership, the tenure, the precise location, the dimensions and area, and the value of individual parcels of land. Cadastre Oregon Statewide Planning Goal 17 is to conserve, protect, where appropriate, develop and where appropriate restore the resources and benefits of all coastal shorelands, recognizing their value for protection and maintenance of water quality, fish and wildlife habitat, water-dependent uses, economic resources and recreation and aesthetics. The management of these shoreland areas shall be compatible with the characteristics of the adjacent coastal waters; and To reduce the hazard to human life and property, and the adverse effects upon water quality and fish and wildlife habitat, resulting from the use and enjoyment of Oregon’s coastal shorelands. Goal 17: Coastal Shorelands Bathymetric contours Bathymetric contours (or depth contours or isobaths) are lines/curves connecting points depicting equal elevation (height) of the ocean floor The Small Craft Advisory is a U.S. Coast Guard warning to small craft boaters in Coastal Waters and Nearshore areas of forecasts for sustained winds, frequent gusts, or sea/wave conditions that could be hazardous to small boats. On the west coast of the U.S. this type of advisory is issued when conditions exceed a threshold of sustained winds of 21 to 33 knots, potentially in combination with wave heights exceeding 10 feet. Small Craft Advisory Land Ownership Land Ownership A line described in Oregon law which marks the upland edge of the Ocean Shores Recreation Area, commonly thought of as the public beach. Public Education Public Education Refers most commonly to bivalves such as clams, oysters or mussels. Shellfish A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species. It is the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the physical environment that surrounds (influences and is utilized by) a species population. Habitat Critical Facility Vulnerability A measure of the attributes which can make a critical facility more or less resiliant to common coastal hazards. A critical facility would be any facility dedicated to public health, safety and welfare, especially those facilities whose services would be of critical importance during times of disaster. Goal 16: Estuarine Resources Oregon Statewide Planning Goal 16 is to recognize and protect the unique environmental, economic, and social values of each estuary and associated wetlands; and To protect, maintain, where appropriate develop, and where appropriate restore the long-term environmental, economic, and social values, diversity and benefits of Oregon's estuaries. Land held by the local County parks. County Park Lighthouse A lighthouse is a tower, building or, framework designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lenses, and used as an aid to navigation and to pilots at sea. Animal life of any particular region or time Fauna Shoreline Change Shoreline Change Bathymetry is the measurement of sea floor elevation relative to sea level. Bathymetry Earth Surface Geology Earth surface geology studies the composition, structure, physical properties, history, and the processes that shape Earth's components Rail transport is the transport of passengers and goods by means of vehicles specially designed to run along railways or railroads. Railroads The public trust doctrine is the principle that certain resources are preserved for public use, and that the government is required to maintain it for the public's reasonable use. Public Trust Resources weather The weather is a set of all the phenomena in a given atmosphere usually over short period of time (hours or days). Oregon Statewide Planning Goal 19 is to conserve marine resources and ecological functions for the purpose of providing long-term ecological, economic, and social value and benefits to future generations. Goal 19: Ocean resources Flood A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land. An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, where salt water is measurably diluted with fresh water from the land. Estuaries are often associated with high rates of biological productivity. Estuary Locations designated in local plans as points at which the public may access the ocean shore and coastal waters. Designated Public Coastal Access Relocation Act of moving critical infrastructure or other development out of harms way when a hazard is know to occur in a particular location. Channel deepening Dredging on a navigation channel for marine safety or accomodation of larger vessels. Land lost to geologic hazard such as erosion, landslide or flooding Loss of Land Littoral Cell Management Plans A Littoral Cell Management Plan is a comprehensive hazards management strategy focused on the reduction of risk to new and existing oceanfront development from coastal hazards. A littoral cell management plan typically includes: littoral cell inventories, a chronic hazards management strategy, and implementing mechanisms. The plans are built as map and inventory projects using GIS. Zoning Zoning is a term used in urban planning for a system of land-use regulation. The word is derived from the practice of designating permitted uses of land based on mapped zones which separate one set of (potentially conflicting) land uses from another. Geologic Fault A Geologic Fault is a planar rock fracture which shows evidence of relative movement Disposal of sediments dredged (typically) from navigation channels. May be upland disposal, or in-water disposal. Dredge material disposal Acquisition of Public Access Acquisition (gain) of location for public access to coastal waters: In Oregon, local comprehensive plans must provide for appropriate public access to and recreational use of coastal waters. City Limits The term city limits refers to the defined boundary of a city (within which a city government has authority to enforce ordinaces). Marine Garden Marine Gardens are primarily intertidal areas intended to be focal points for visitors seeking to enjoy or learn about intertidal resources. These areas will be specially promoted and managed for visitor use with special emphasis on marine education programs. Hydrography pertains to measurement and description of any water, including rivers and streams and their watersheds. Hydrography Infrastructure Infrastructure is a term to describe (usually public) material assets that are essential for the functioning of a society and economy. Lanes of mutually agreed upon tow lane areas, as agreed by Tow boat operators and local fixed gear fishermen. Prior to the establishment of such lanes it was not uncommon for tugs to collide with crabbing gear, causing damage to hulls and propulsion systems and losses of costly crab pots. Tow Boat Lanes Goal 18: Beaches and Dunes Oregon Statewide Planning Goal 18 is to conserve, protect, where appropriate develop, and where appropriate restore the resources and benefits of coastal beach and dune areas; and To reduce the hazard to human life and property from natural or man-induced actions associated with these areas. In Oregon, local comprehensive plans must provide for appropriate public access to and recreational use of coastal waters. Public Access Inventory Maintenance Reservations (or Trust Lands) are areas of land managed by Native American tribes under the United States Department of the Interior's Bureau of Indian Affairs, within which Tribes have a form of sovereignty that allows for laws within the reservation to differ from those in the surrounding area. Indian Reservations From time to time the state may ban the harvesting of shellfish due to elevated potential for paralytic shellfish poisoning. A closure would includes shellfish on beaches, rocks, jetties and at the entrances to bays. Shellfish contaminated with PSP toxins can cause minor to severe illness or even death to people who eat them. Shellfish harvest ban Dune A dune is a hill of sand built by aeolian processes. Coastal areas often have one or more sets of dunes running parallel to the shoreline directly inland from the beach. In most cases the dunes are important in protecting the land against potential ravages by storm waves from the sea. Structure Elevation Elevation of a structure above a specified vertical datum. Evacuation Route The path designated for the safest routes away from an emergency situation. The fringe of land at the edge of a large body of water, such as an ocean, sea, or lake. Shoreline Beach closure A beach closure might occur anytime there is a known sewage or chemical spill impacting ocean waters. when water contact may cause humans to become ill. When a beach is closed, a public agency advises beach users to avoid all contact with ocean water in the closure area and where closure signs are posted. A buoy aids pilotage by marking a maritime channel, hazard or administrative area to allow boats and ships to navigate safely. Buoy Marine Industry That portion of the state economy that is related to the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services derrived from the marine realm. The Earth's atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth and retained by the Earth's gravity. It contains roughly (by molar content/volume) 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor. Atmosphere A fire station is a structure or other area set aside for storage of firefighting apparatus (i.e, fire engines and related vehicles), personal protective equipment, firehose, fire extinguishers, and other fire extinguishing equipment. Fire Stations Mammals (class Mammalia) are a class of warm-blooded vertebrate animals Mammals Underwater structure formed by biotic (e.g. coral reefs) or abiotic (e.g. rocky reefs) processes. Reefs enhance physical complexity of the sea floor and often attract a diverse assemblage of organisms, especially fish. Reef Loss of species from an area or ecosystem Species Loss RipRap is large rock or other material used to armor shorelines against erosion. Riprap reduces erosion by resisting the forces of hydraulic attack and dissipating the energy of flowing water or waves. RipRap Boundaries Refers to the human defined edges in the landscape that define areas of different legal or political jurisdiction, and/or ownership. Research Research The status of whether or not a parcel is eligible for a permit to construct a shore protective structure. Cirteria for eligibility are stated in Goal 18. Shore Protective Structure Eligibility Ocean Shores Recreation Area the land lying between extreme low tide of the Pacific Ocean and the statutory vegetation line established and described by ORS 390.770, except for those beach portions abutting a park area. Littoral cells are segments of shoreline, bounded by headlands, that constitute closed compartments in terms of sand supply. The headlands restrict transfers of onshore sediment to offshore movements within individual littoral cells. These internal exchanges are typically described in terms of contributions to or losses from the littoral cell sediment budget. Thus, erosion or accretion along any given segment of shoreline is reflected in the balance of the budget. Littoral Cell Patterns of job availability and job sector diversity in a local economy. Employment Physical expansion of urban areas into adjacent non-urbanized landscapes. Urban Growth Fine-grained sandy beach Beach composed of fine sand: In USA, sand is commonly divided into five sub-categories based on size: very fine sand (1/16 - 1/8 mm diameter), fine sand (1/8 mm - 1/4 mm), medium sand (1/4 mm - 1/2 mm), coarse sand (1/2 mm - 1 mm), and very coarse sand (1 mm - 2 mm). Marine Protected Area Marine Protected Area (MPA) is often used as an umbrella term covering a wide range of marine areas with some level of restriction to protect living, non-living, cultural, and/or historic resources Estuary Management Units Estuary plans divide each estuary into a number of different zones or areas called management units. Management units are discrete geographic areas, defined by biophysical characteristics and features, within which particular uses and activities are promoted, encouraged, protected, or enhanced, and others are discouraged, restricted, or prohibited. Estuary plans identify appropriate uses for each estuary management unit. Goals 16 directs what kinds of areas are to be included in each management unit and what kinds of uses can be allowed in each type of management unit. In beach morphology monitoring beach elevation is measured at specific intervals along shore-perpendicular lines. Beach Profile Estuary classifications To maintain diversity among Oregon's estuaries, Goal 16 directs the Land Conservation and Development Commission to set overall limits on the amount of development that can occur in each estuary. The classification sets an upper limit on the types and intensities of development that can occur and serves as a guide to preparation of plans for each estuary. A sediment source is a location within a littoral cell system that feeds new sediment into the sediment budget of the cell. Rivers, bluffs, dunes, and the inner shelf are examples of potential sources of sediment. The Nature Conservancy is a not for profit corporation with a mission to preserve the plants, animals and natural communities that represent the diversity of life on earth by protecting the lands and waters they need to survive. Nature Conservancy Beach A beach is a gently sloping area of loose material (e.g., sand, gravel, and cobbles) that extend landward from the low-water line to a point where there is a definite change in the material type or landform, or to the line of vegetation. The Oregon Beach bill recognizes public recreational rights or easements to dry sandy beaches all the way to the statuatory vegetation line. Field Science Field Science Topography is the vertical relief or elevation of an area as measured above a specific datum. Land held by the state Department of Parks and Recreation. State park Hazard Avoidance Practices designed to distance human activities and critical societal infrastructure from known hazardous locations or situations. Economy An economy is the system of human activities related to the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area. Proactive decision making regarding removal (e.g. dredging) and placement (e.g. beach nourishment) of sediment in coastal littoral zones. Sediment Management Topographic contours (or elevation contours or isobaths) are lines/curves connecting points depicting equal elevation (height) of the surface of land Topographic contour Bluff A bluff is a very steep and broad hill or small cliff, frequently next to a river or ocean Elevation The elevation of a geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point. Bounding Headland Headland or cape that defines a boundary between one littoral cell and an adjacent cell. Beneficial use of uncontaminated dredged materials. Such use may include habitat construction, beach nourishment, or other necessary and permitted fill activies. Beneficial use of dredged materials Sewage treatment plants, or domestic wastewater treatment plants, perform the function of removing contaminants from wastewater, both runoff (effluents) and domestic. Sewage Ocean Floor Geology studies the composition, structure, physical properties, history, and the processes that shape the ocean floor Ocean Floor Geology Demographics Community demographics or demographic data refers to selected population characteristics as used in government. Commonly-used demographics include race, age, income, disabilities, mobility (in terms of travel time to work or number of vehicles available), educational attainment, home ownership, employment status, and even location. Distributions of values within a demographic variable, and across households, are both of interest, as well as trends over time. Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish by hooking (e.g. using trolls or longlines), trapping (e.g. using pots), or gathering (e.g. using trawls or seines). Fishing A landslide is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows, which can occur in offshore, coastal and onshore environments. Landslide Tourism Tourism is travel for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes or the provision of services to support this leisure travel Electric utilities are the infrastructure needed in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity to a community. Electric Utilities Sounding Sounding is a historical nautical term for measuring a depth. "Comprehensive plan" means a generalized, coordinated land use map and policy statement of the governing body of a local government that interrelates all functional and natural systems and activities relating to the use of lands, including, but not limited to, sewer and water systems, transportation systems, educational facilities, recreational facilities and natural resources and air and water quality management programs. "Comprehensive" means all-inclusive, both in terms of the geographic area covered and functional and natural activities and systems occurring in the area covered by the plan. "General nature" means a summary of policies and proposals in broad categories and does not necessarily indicate the specific locations of any area, activity or use." "Land" includes water, both surface and subsurface, and the air. Comprehensive Plan The degradation or impairment of the natural functioning of a habitat by external factors. Habitat Degradation Sediment Sink A Sediment sink is a location to which sediment is "lost" from a littoral cell budget, in the sense that it is removed to such a depth or distance that is cannot return to the littoral system through natural contidions. Bays, dunes, the offshore, dredging and mining sites are potential examples of sediment sinks. Erosion is the carrying away or displacement of solids (sediment, soil, rock and other particles) usually by the agents of currents such as, wind, water, or ice by downward or down-slope movement in response to gravity. Erosion is an intrinsic natural process but in many places it is increased by human land use. Poor land use practices include deforestation, overgrazing, unmanaged construction activity and other activities that involve removal of vegetation. Erosion Geophysical Geologic and Physical characteristics of an area A Lake is a considerable inland body of water, not part of the ocean, situated at the bottom of a topographic basin. Lake Research Reserves are needed to identify and manage areas suitable or being used for scientific study or research including baseline study, monitoring, or applied research. However, designation of Research Reserves is not intended to limit research or study exclusively to these areas. Research Reserve Ports Generally a port is a facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. In Oregon, Port districts are a form of local government, that can also hold properties for local economic development. National Park Land held by the US federal National Park Service. Climate Climate is the average and variations of weather in a region over long periods of time. Airport Air transportation infrastructure comprises primarily airport locations and runway configurations. Habitat Refuge Habitat Refuges are areas that are needed to maintain the health of the rocky shore ecosystem. While protection of habitat values of individual sites is important, protection of the aggregate of all sites is essential. A permit is a form of license or permission granted by a government entity to a person wishing to perform some form of regulated activity. Permit Land held by the US federal Forest Service. Forest Service Land Beach composed of mixed sand and gravel: In USA, sand is commonly divided into five sub-categories based on size: very fine sand (1/16 - 1/8 mm diameter), fine sand (1/8 mm - 1/4 mm), medium sand (1/4 mm - 1/2 mm), coarse sand (1/2 mm - 1 mm), and very coarse sand (1 mm - 2 mm). Gravel is typically loose rock that is larger than two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension (about 1/12 of an inch) and no more than 63 millimeters (about 2.5 inches) Mixed sand and gravel beach Wastewater is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It comprises liquid waste discharged by domestic residences, commercial properties, industry, and/or agriculture and can encompass a wide range of potential contaminants and concentrations. Wastewater Public health is the practice of managing threats to the health of a community Public Health Facilities are designated manmade installations intended to facilitate a particular societal function (usually public services). Facilities Wilderness Area A wilderness area is a region where the land is in a natural state; where impacts from human activities are minimal Utilities Utilities are the infrastructure for public services such as electricity generation, telecommunication, potable water, etc. Intertidal Wetlands An intertidal wetland is an environment at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic systems, in this case coastal tidal systems. Flat Flats are coastal wetlands that form when mud and sand is deposited by the tides or rivers, sea and oceans. They are broad mud flats which are exposed to the air at low tide and flooded by a mix of salt and fresh waters at high tide, found in sheltered areas such as bays, lagoons, and estuaries. a digital representation of ground surface topography or terrain. Digital Elevation Model City park Land held by the city government parks department A watershed is a term for a drainage basin: an extent of land where water from rain or snow melt drains downhill into a body of water, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea or ocean. Watersheds Shoreline Protective Structures Structures built to "armour" the shoreline against erosion caused by wave attack. Public Safety Public Safety A High Surf Advisory means that large waves will affect beaches in the advisory area, producing rip currents and localized beach erosion. High Surf Advisory Sea-level rise is an increase in sea level, relative to a suitable reference surface. Sea Level Rise Natural Gas Natural gas utilities consist of overland pipelines as well as tanker truck and ship facilities used in the transfer of liquid natural gas (LNG). These erosion risk zone mapping focuses on identifying minimum and maximum potential erosion distances for bluffs and dune backed shorelines. For both bluff and dune backed beaches, four zones are defined, an active hazard zone characterized by existing, active erosion processes, and three zones of potential future erosion, high, moderate, and low risk zones that respectively depict decreasing risks of becoming active in the future. Relative Erosion Risk Zones Fish Hatcheries are used to cultivate and breed a large number of fish in an enclosed environment, typically involving manual labor. Hatcheries release the juvenile fish into a river, lake or the ocean to support commercial, tribal, or recreational fishing or to supplement the natural numbers of threatened or endangered species. Hachery Any deliberate action that lessens or otherwise avoids the negative effects of a know hazard. Hazard Mitigation null All Themes Rivers and Streams A stream is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and stream-banks. A river is a natural stream of water, usually freshwater, flowing toward an ocean, a lake, or another stream. a fixed platform, commonly on pilings, where boats are loaded and unloaded Dock Evacuation Emergency evacuation, the mass movement of persons from a dangerous place due to a disaster. Kelp are large seaweeds (algae), belonging to the brown algae and classified in the order Laminariales. Kelp grows in underwater forests (kelp forests) in clear, shallow oceans, requiring cold nutrient-rich water. Kelp Beach composed of meadium to coarse grained sand: In USA, sand is commonly divided into five sub-categories based on size: very fine sand (1/16 - 1/8 mm diameter), fine sand (1/8 mm - 1/4 mm), medium sand (1/4 mm - 1/2 mm), coarse sand (1/2 mm - 1 mm), and very coarse sand (1 mm - 2 mm). Medium to Coarse-grained sandy beach Shoreline Geomorphology Geomorphology is the study of landforms (in this case shorelines), landform types, and the processes that shape them. Real property owned by individuals, trusts, corporations or other non-public bodies. Private Property Tsunami A tsunami is a series of waves created when a body of water, such as an ocean, is rapidly displaced. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment, that can cause instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the physical systems or living organisms therein. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances, or energy, such as noise, heat, or light energy. Pollution County Lines refer to the defined boundaries of a county (within which a county government has authority to enforce ordinaces). In Oregon, all lands that are outside of City Limits fall under County jurisdiction. Lands within City Limits are under both County and City authorities. County Lines Shoreland management units Goal 17 requires that cities and counties establish a "coastal shoreland boundary" on lands bordering coastal waters, including estuaries. Lands within the boundary are to be planned and managed to recognize their relationship with, and importance to, coastal waters. The coastal shorelands boundary around estuaries must be a minimum of fifty feet upland of the estuary shoreline. The shoreline, or the upper limit of the estuary, is either the line of nonaquatic vegetation or mean higher high water, whichever is higher. The boundary must extend upland to include the following areas and resources: * Areas subject to ocean flooding; * Areas of geologic instability; * Riparian vegetation; * Significant shoreland and wetland biological habitats; * Areas needed for water-dependent and water-related uses, including dredged material disposal and mitigation sites; and * Areas of exceptional aesthetic or scenic quality. A Hazard is a situation which poses a level of threat to life, health, property or environment. Hazards The State of Oregon has interests in the conservation of ocean resources in an Ocean Stewardship Area, an ocean area where natural phenomena and human uses can affect uses and resources of Oregon’s territorial sea. The Ocean Stewardship Area includes the state’s territorial sea, the continental margin seaward to the toe of the continental slope, and adjacent ocean areas. Ocean Stewardship Area Waves A wave is a disturbance that propagates through space and time, usually with transference of energy. Police A police facility is directly owned and operated by and/or for local police forces that shelters police equipment and personnel, and facilitates training and operations. Water System Water utilities consist of pipes, mains, reservoirs, etc. that make up the network for distribution of potable water to the public. Evacuation Zones from which the public should exodus in the event of a specifc hazard warning. Evacuation Zones Government standards that dictate the engineering levels that a construction project must meet in order to result in a structure that is considered safe. Building Codes Jetty A jetty is a shore-perpendicular manmade structure usually constructed from boulders, and typically placed at locations that require shoreline stabilization (such as on either side of a river mouth). Aquaculture Aquaculture is the active cultivation of aquatic organisms. Unlike fishing, aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, implies the cultivation of aquatic populations under controlled conditions. Coastal Shorelands in Oregon are defined as Those areas immediately adjacent to the ocean, all estuaries and associated wetlands, and all coastal lakes. Shoreland Overlays Refers to the defined boundary of a US state (within which a state government has authority to enforce ordinaces). State Lines Seawall A seawall is a form of hard coastal defence constructed to reduce the effects of strong waves in inland property. Roads A road is an identifiable route, way or path between two or more places. Roads are typically smoothed, paved, or otherwise prepared to allow easy travel. Oil Spill An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the coastal or marine environment due to human activity. Lowering the elevation of the contours of a dune to prevent sand inundation of structures. Only allowed in areas committed to development or within an acknowledged urban growth boundary and only as part of an overall plan for managing foredune grading. Dune Grading Bathymetric Grid A Bathymetric grid is a geographic information sytem file that contains depth information for a given area. One average depth value is recorded for each grid cell of a given area. Estuary management plans Estuary management plans designate appropriate uses for different management units with in each estuary. These local plans must provide for review of estuarine alterations to assure that they are as compatible as possible with the protection of estuarine values. Benchmark A benchmark is a point of reference for a measurement. Shoreline stabilization Any human action intended to fix or stabilize the location of the shoreline. Common in areas where fluctuation in shoreline position causes a safety hazard (e.g. at river mouths) or threatens infrastructure or other property (coastal stabilization). Shoreline Emergency Access Location of coastal access which is capable of allowing access to the beach/shoreline or water for various forms of emergency rescue vehicles/equipment. Rain Rain is a type of precipitation, that forms when separate drops of water fall to the Earth from clouds. Land held by the US federal Bureau of Land Management. BLM Land Dune protection and restoration usually involves a combination of sand fencing and planting of vegetation to stabilize the dune and to capture blowing sand to increase dune elevations. Dune Restoration A measure of the attributes which can make a community more or less resiliant to common coastal hazards Community Vulnerability Beach composed of gravel: loose rock that is larger than two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension (about 1/12 of an inch) and no more than 63 millimeters (about 2.5 inches) Gravel beach Since 1973, Oregon has maintained a strong statewide program for land use planning. The foundation of that program is a set of 19 Statewide Planning Goals. The goals express the state´s policies on land use and on related topics, such as citizen involvement, housing, and natural resources. Oregon Statewide Planning Goals Individual objects of mandmade construction (may be public or private). Structures Average Precipitation Precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that is deposited on the earth's surface. The ocean and seafloor area from mean low water seaward three nautical miles. Territorial Sea Birds (class Aves) are bipedal, warm-blooded, vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Birds Planning Land use planning is the term used for a branch of public policy which encompasses various disciplines which seek to order and regulate the use of land in an efficient and ethical way. A military base is a facility directly owned and operated by and/or for the military or one of its branches that shelters military equipment and personnel, and facilitates training and operations. Military Installations Marine transport consists of ports and marinas terminals used for the transfer of people and goods between land and sea, as well as the navigation bouys channels and tow-lanes that comprise the sea transportation network it self. Marine Transportation Land held by Federal, State or local government entities. Public Lands Manmade Hazards Hazards created by humans. Public education and outreach efforts relating to mitigating the effects known hazards. Hazard Education and Outreach Beach Nourishment Placement of sand on or near a beach for the purpose of augmenting the local sediment budget and in many cases widening the beach or providing a greater buffer against erosion. Natural hazards Natural hazards include anything which is caused by a natural process, and can include obvious hazards such as volcanoes to smaller scale hazards such as loose rocks on a hillside LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an optical remote sensing technology that measures properties of scattered light to find range and/or other information of a distant target. LIDAR Surveys Navigation Safety Navigation Safety Land Use Patterns of human use of the landscape. Emergency Service Emergency services are typically public organizations which ensure public safety by addressing different emergencies. Plant life of any particular region or time Flora Average Minimum Temperature Average Minimum Temperature Management Coastal Management Rocky Shore Rocky shores are areas of bedrock exposed between the extreme high and extreme low tide levels on the seashore. Aquatic Bed Aquatic beds include both subtidal and intertidal algal and eelgrass beds that frequently occur in bay and slough estuarine subsystems. These communities probably represent a significant portion of the primary production in Oregon estuaries. Top ontology for coastal erosion related topics. Replaces http://ican.ucc.ie/ont/20071008/coastal_erosion.owl 20080627